Otistik Çocuklar ve Kardeşleri
Otizm

Otistik Çocuklar ve Kardeşleri

  • Psikolog Ezgi Özer
  • Psikolog Ezgi Özer
  • 12 Ekim 2021

Kardeşler birlikte oynar ve eğlenir, ayrıca çatışmalar ve kavgalar olur. Bu
şekilde birbirlerine önemli şeyleri, çoğunlukla başkalarıyla nasıl iletişim
kurulacağını öğretirler. Otizm spektrumundaki çocuklar, sosyal iletişimde,
sosyal beceriler edinmede ve bunları uygulama konusunda zorluklar
yaşarlar. Bu zorluklar kardeşiyle birlikte zaman geçirirken, yakınlık
kurarken ve iletişimde olurken ortaya çıkabilir.


Çatışmalar ayrıca çocuklara kendilerini nasıl savunacaklarını, kendilerini nasıl
koruyacaklarını ve anlaşmazlıkları nasıl çözeceklerini öğretir. Evde günlük sosyal
etkileşim pratiği, çocukların anaokulunda veya okulda arkadaşlarıyla daha iyi
geçinmesine yardımcı olabilir.


Kardeşlerin arasındaki ilişkileri gözlemlemek ve anlamak için hem ebeveynlerin
görüşleri alınır hem de kardeşlerin aynı zamanda uzmanların objektif olarak
değerlendirdiği bir süreç de faydalı olabilir. Ebeveynler otistik kardeşi olmayan
ilişkilerle kendi çocuklarını kıyasladıklarında yanlış değerlendirme yapmaya
meyilli olabilirler. Bazı sorulara cevap aramaya ihtiyacımız vardır.


1. Erkek veya kız kardeşlerine ne kadar yakın hissediyorlar?
2. Ne sıklıkla kavga ederler?
3. Birbirleriyle ne kadar rekabet ediyorlar?


Bu soruların cevapları ebeveyne ve çocuklara göre değişir. İlişkilerdeki temel sorun
anlamamak ve anlaşılmamaktan kaynaklanır. Otizm spektrumundaki çocukların
iletişimde karşılaştıkları zorluklar nedeniyle ve sosyal etkileşimler söz konusu
olduğunda, kardeşleriyle iletişim konusunda da zorlanacağını ve kardeş ilişkisinin
zarar göreceğini düşünmek doğaldır.

Kardeşler birbirlerini otistik olması ile tanımlamaz onların ilgilendiği birlikte nasıl
vakit geçirdikleri ve ne kadar yakın olduklarıdır. Otizm çocuk tarafından anlaşılmadığında  bu yakınlığı ve geçirilen
zamanın kalitesini etkileyebilir. Kardeşlerinin neden aynı hareketleri ısrarla yaptığını, neden konuşmadığını, neden
göz teması kuramadığını bilmediği için ondan uzaklaşabilir.

Otistik olmayan kardeşler otizmle ilgili bilgiye sahip olduklarında ve otizmi
anlamaya başladıklarında daha iyi ilişkiler kurduklarını belirtiyor. Bu ilişkiler
sayesinde sosyal becerilerinin geliştiğini ve çatışma çözme noktasında daha
başarılı bir karaktere sahip olduklarını dile getiriyor. Otizmi anlamak demek illa ki
tanılama ile yol alınacak bir durum değildir, kardeşler arasında empati becerilerini
ve sınırlara olan saygıları geliştirerek başlanabilir.


Bu aşamada ailelerin rolü çok önemli, aileler otistik çocuğuna daha yakın ve ilgili
davrandıklarında diğer kardeş yaşına bağlı olarak tepkiler verebilir bu yüzden
olabildiğince dengeli bir ilişki kurmak ve aileyi bütünsel ele almak gerekir. Otistik
olmayan kardeşe yaşına bağlı sorumluluklar verilmelidir, kardeşinin öz bakımıyla
ilgilenen kişi o olmamalıdır, onun alacağı sorumluluklar becerileri doğrultusunda olabilir.
Örneğin duygusal çöküş yaşayan kardeşinin yanında olmak, sosyal ilişkilerinde onu
yalnız bırakmamak, birlikte oyunlar oynamak gibi.


Sonuç olarak elimizde otistik çocuklar ve kardeşleri ile ilgili çok araştırma
bulunmamaktadır fakat bilinen bir şey var ki ilişki kurmak, yakınlığı korumak
destek noktasının temelini oluşturuyor. Bunu yapmak herkes için zor olsa da
başarılı olunca her şey daha da kolaylaşıyor. Ebeveynler de süreç içinde çok şey
öğreniyor ve kendilerini geliştiriyor aynı çocukları gibi.

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